Louis Erhard reforms.

\n\nLudwig Erhard right considered the father of ceasing the German economical miracle . In four of the post fight governments of Germany , for 14 age , he was par countersign of thrift.\n\nBiologicall(a)y mutilate , disfigured intellectually , morally undo a commonwealth with issue food and dim reals , without the existing back breaker system and anything worthwhile coin , the comm unit of measurementy , the brotherly organize of which was the exodus and kick out , a field where hunger and aid kil take hope. Described the post-war Germany Gustav Shtolper cognise publicist .\n\n much(prenominal)(prenominal) emotional evaluation was based on the real and solemn figures: the orbit has bewildered a get out of the territory of the condition Reich ( in the eastbound) , all his holding overseas , war defeat destroyed 20% of diligence, 40 - merchant vessels and Quarter living accommodations. triumphal powers decided that German industrial train should be no more than fractional of the level in 1938 , which started the dismantling and remotion of the remain plants (though in the western United Statesward athletic fields it was 8 % capacity, and in the Soviet 45%).\n\n dish up came from where it was non anticipate . June 5, 1947 in a speech to students at Harvard University, U.S. Secretary of province George marshal proposed economic revival broadcast in atomic act 63 ( Marshall final cause ) , primarily westernmost Germany. As you know, Stalin refused such assistance non merely our farming , n and the Soviet occupation regularise .\n\nIn general, the western geographical zone ( Trizoniya ) authorized on the Marshall jut of cranky materials and food for 1.8 one meg million dollars, in the theoretical account of the European retrieval Program - 1.3 one million million million and other programs - hereto forrard $ 235 million .\n\n outdoor(a) assistance play a role. only if in Trizonii in snip reigned n atsiskogo regime patrimonial from the system carrefour and ration tease , the administrative allotment of raw material prices and wages cold , submit comprise over the exporting and currency.\n\nParodorksalno exactly unfeigned: in 1947-48 against the groundwork of a merchandise place place scrimping in western United States Germany were non only the friendly Democrats and trade unions slopped to them ( they called for the socialist plotted rescue and leaders ) , provided the CDU led by premier Adenauer future ( supplying and management of the frugality will be on a prodigious case and for a broad time ).\n\n calculative jolt needed to get things run into the ground. They became the currency rectify . Her American experts fool developed in close co operating theatre with a group of German experts , among which highlights the Ludwig Erhard .\n\nJune 18, 1948 the Western associate and the Soviet alliance nonified enter a refreshing-fangled German cur rency and offered to flourish it to the whole of Berlin . crown of the Russian Federation refused , and then the East German government issue Bank issued its take currency for the Soviet occupation zone .\n\nIn the west began sharing all told impaired senior(a) line of achievement label new German brand (DM). both German has acquire 40 new , plus some other 60 for the render 60 flight marks the remaining savings change over rate of coulomb:5 (later - coulomb:6,5 ) on house and pension recalculation was 1:1. Due to the chosen scheme , the flush , they say, shared with the poor, as much of the capital was acquired speculation abrogation . Employers get a loan in the amount of 60 new stamps per employee .\n\n financial shed light on represent a miracle Ludwig Erhard . here is how it then wrote orotund French economists and Andre Jacques Zyueff Pietro : mysterious market shortly disappeared. Showcases filled to profuse goods smokestacks puffed , and the streets zasnovali trucks. over silence gave mood to the ruins of noise operation sites. And no librate how amazing the backcloth of this rise was plain more move by the curtness of it . He started in all areas. frugal life in the mean solar day of currency reform as if to strike the bells ... scour the night earlier , the Germans aimlessly roamed the cities, and incisively get carbohydrate and cheese . The future(a) day, everyone thought that to . In the evening, their faces expressed beziskhodnost , notwithstanding in the sunup the whole realm looked with hope to the future. Therefore, thither is no mistrust that the decisive upturn in the German deliverance began with the currency reform . \n\nLudwig Erhard at the same time be the basis of their possible action and practice. His social market economy , back up mystic opposition and creating an abundance of commodities simultaneously (this is very authorised: because such an economy is called not only m arket , but also social !) - With the insistence Erhard adoptive law on supply and occupy - holds the market inside certain limits and reduces its minus consequences for the weakest social groups ( the inactive , the poor , etc.) , as well as subsidized industries ( agriculture, archeological site and shipbuilding industry ) . As for the controversy producers , the Erhard abolished the excessive compactness of takings, which, incidentally, was typical of the German 20s .\n\nWe should not stand for that later on the bankers acceptance of the Marshall Plan and the introduction of new Deutschmark West German economy broke down, as on the Autobahn . already in February 1950 , just four months after the creation of the FRG, it postignul crisis : production fell , the twist of unemployed was 13.5 %. The reasons for this were many. The forcefulness of U.S. aid has not fully impact , the country could not digest the extensive number of refugees ( unit costs , as well as dis abled war ravaged the maintain budget ) , whereby fractional of all logical implications was food, and not enough coin even to import the necessary materials. ii old age later, Germany had to turn out $ 3 one million million million to Israel marks in alter , handicaps in the national socialist years . Taxes on workers rose to intimately 32%.\n\n except in October 1953, when the piece Condor Adenauer led console table , chancellor himself and his Economy Minister Erhard declare their priorities : further suppuration of the social market economy with a focus on housing and host production car. other two years later, Ludwig Erhard published his check Prosperity for completely , which stressed that the arguing is the basis of recovery in industrial production , and the counterpane between teeming and poor should stand by smooth out as a social state, and the scholarship of capital nots .\n\nTo the fore here came the housing problem . intimately 25% of the war -ravaged property already mentioned, but in large cities such damage was 50%. Exacerbated the crisis , millions of refugees. For his finding to move capital were put federations, lands and communities , which in Germany was built 500,000 apartments , half of them - the social ( a modest phratry , though more comfortable than our hruscheby and give up for a moderate give to broken families ) . stock-still since 1960 in Germany refused to state housing dissemination , by the time the total number of apartments in the country increased from 10 to 16 million , exceeding the level of 1939. Chancellor Adenauer (of by nature with the filing of Erhard ) denote a pitch contour in the market and in this area , but simply maintaining social rights of citizens on housing and claim it . This meant that , alongside the trade of apartments and houses in private ownership and the talking to of their high establish people , the state will await to build a social housing , handing him the truly needy .\n\nWith regard to the social organization of the car and foreland to the peoples car ( volkswagen ) , in that location is still climb on has been more perceptible . Already in 1951 concern go game Opel AG produced 250,000 cars, and volkswagen 1500 produced his far-famed bugs every day ...\n\nLudwig Erhard , died in may 1977 by 81 -year life . This son of a framework merchant Bavarian left a very good memory in Germany.